Role of Technology in Service Delivery Australian Firms

Question: Examine about the Role of Technology in Service Delivery for Australian Firms. Answer: Presentation Gracefully chain the executives is the coordination flexibly of exercises and activities of an organization with the point of boosting client esteem to keep up a serious edge (Handfield Nichols 2002). The idea has developed with time. It has profited by various developments planned for boosting the client esteem over the gracefully chain. It is no uncertainty that innovation has expanded benefit and proficiency in the whole flexibly chain. Indeed, even with the progression in innovation, there are still organizations that fall behind; they have not embraced these advances because of reasons that are difficult to comprehend. Is it absence of mindfulness? Is it obliviousness? In the event that its none of these, at that point why have a portion of the organizations not embraced the most productive advances accessible? When we discuss cutting edge innovations, which would they say they are explicitly? This article will investigate a portion of the trend setting innovations that can be u tilized in flexibly chain the board and their effect. Prior to harping on the point, it is basic to investigate the zones where Australian firms are confronting difficulties inside their associations to oversee gracefully chains. Territories where Australian Businesses face Challenges in Supply Chain Management Organizations are right now confronting a few difficulties due to the ever-changing advances which make it indispensable for them to guarantee they have the latest and right innovation to adapt to the ever-changing business world. Australian retail firms, for example, have been confronting various issues which can undoubtedly be unraveled with the reception of the suitable advances. Keeping up purchaser certainty, devotion and adapting to new innovations are a portion of the issues that Australian retailers face. In the wake of recouping from the worldwide financial emergency, Australia's organizations are still stood up to with various difficulties to their activities. One of the key difficulties confronting retailers in Australia is the rising pattern in web based shopping, and particularly increasing a serious edge against outside firms that are offering similar items at a lower cost (Oakton 2017). As indicated by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (2017), worldwide retailers hav e 20% more bit of leeway than household stores and appreciate an exception of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) for things that are under $1,000. Some local retailers have been in converses with the administration to alter the enactment so as to lessen the divergence, yet the result is unsure. The arrangement is that organizations ought to receive the new advancements and smooth out their gracefully chain the executives activities. Another test is the reception of a lean gracefully chain. Australia despite everything falls behind in the usage of without a moment to spare practices (World Economic Forum 2011). The without a moment to spare idea is a developing pattern in the flexibly chain the board tasks. Firms have looked to upgrade effectiveness in their tasks by executing without a moment to spare methods. The methodology has not been completely executed in Australia. Among different difficulties that are identified with innovation, Australia's organizations need to defeat them on the off chance that they need to stay serious in the worldwide field. So what are a portion of the advancements that apply to flexibly chain the executives? The following subject will investigate a portion of the drifting advances in an offer to make business administrators mindful and how they can execute them. Instances of Advanced Technologies Blockchain Technology Blockchain innovation is considered as a distinct advantage in flexibly chain the board. As per Popper and Lohr of the New York Times (2017, March 4), they portrayed square chain as a key empowering influence of the productive coordination between parties in the worldwide field. IBM and WalMart have banded together to execute this innovation which has been applied to follow pork slashes, dispatching compartments and footwear at an amazingly fast and security that the current advancements don't offer (Handfield 2017). So what precisely is Blockchain innovation? Blockchain innovation just methods a technique for accounting that interfaces sections so that one can only with significant effort adjust them later (Blockchain Technologies 2016). It helps huge gatherings of organizations that are not related at all, to keep their records of exchanges in a progressively secure and solid way (Iansiti Lakhani 2017). So what are the ramifications of blockchain innovation in the flexibly chain? As per Mitchell (2016), the usage of blockchain innovation will increase the value of the flexibly chain and wipe out repetitive information support exercises in the gracefully chain. The innovation empowers clients to get to a more extensive and increasingly all inclusive deal or system that is available to any member for nothing out of pocket without participation expenses (Mitchell 2016). In the delivery business, for example, it can decrease transporting delays because of the nonappearance of administrative work which devours a ton of time during compartment endorsements. Blockchain innovation helps in following all exchanges in a safe and straightforward way. Envision the open doors it presents in the gracefully chain? The innovation has the ability to archive each and every exchange and make a changeless history from the provider to the maker and right to the shopper. Circle (2017) takes note of that the innovation empowers simple recuperation of taken product. Blockchain permi ts programmed confirmation of items realness after which it is enacted in the framework. Any taken item along the flexibly chain can without much of a stretch be followed through a specific exchange. The appropriation of this innovation will to be sure change the flexibly chain activities. Web of Things (IoT) Have you at any point envisioned all articles on earth speaking with one another? This may sound peculiar to you; in the event that that is in this way, at that point, you have never caught wind of Internet of Things (IoT). The IoT idea has various purposes in different ventures. Detecting Enterprise (SE) is an idea that permits IoT to respond to business upgrades that begin from the Internet. The fields have as of late been subjects center in organizations and proof that such innovations can be utilized in the gracefully chain the executives exists. By definition, Internet of Things alludes to a system of articles which is well outfitted with RFID chips and such like innovations to permit items to convey and interface with each other (Corts, Boza, Prez, Cuenca 2015). It is an innovation that is planned for improving the types of correspondence that at present exist. Right now, when we discuss Internet, we allude to a system instrument that people access through gadgets. Corresponden ce is as of now from human to human. Here comes IoT which would permit human to convey through the Internet as well as articles. The articles will have the option to trade data without anyone else without human guide through the Internet. New types of interchanges will, accordingly, be made to incorporate human-things and things-things (Tan, Koo 2014). Web of Things is a development of the current Internet with the ability of gathering, breaking down, and disseminating information that can be changed into data and information. One region in the flexibly chain the board that will profit by IoT is in-travel perceivability (Shankar 2017). Since the coordinations biological system involves numerous items and parts that are consistently moving, an educated flexibly organize is fundamental to follow the whereabouts and particulars of an item. With the guide of GPS and RFID, IoT permits organizations to follow the area and data about the item and sends the data right from the producer to t he customer (Pettey 2015). The information got from the GPS and RFID advances empowers flexibly affix work force to computerize transportation and conveyance by having the option to decide the specific time a specific item may show up. Moreover, flexibly chain experts can without much of a stretch screen crucial boundaries, for example, temperature control, which significantly affects the item quality in-travel. Added substance producing (3D Printing Technology) Added substance producing innovations, prevalently known as 3D printing is whereby, materials are joined to make gadgets from 3D model information, by including a layer top of another layer (OPTOMEC 2017). Added substance producing is an innovation that will reform the 21st century and the hundreds of years to come. It has applications in different ventures. Envision you are in a remote spot, at that point a specific segment of your vehicle stalls; you most likely wind up pondering where you can get a substitution. With Additive Manufacturing, this can be conceivable by simply printing the part utilizing the 3D innovation. The innovation is as of now being utilized far and wide and has changed the manner in which organizations plan and assembling their items. When effectively utilized, added substance assembling can essentially set aside cash and time. The inquiry is the manner by which this innovation applies to flexibly chain. Added substance assembling will change the conventional method of assembling different items which included cutting of articles and demonstrating the crude materials and shaping the last item through a form or kick the bucket. 3D printing innovation dispenses with the need of having to physically gather the costly segments to shape an item. It gives opportunity to change an item whenever anyplace and quick. It doesn't require profoundly talented staff to work the machine since what you have to do is simply squeezing a machine and, presto, you get your item. Accordingly, gracefully chain tasks will see a critical effect. Consider, for example, where one would stock materials if creation is to happen anyplace on the planet, or how procedures will be improved if a part gathering is not, at this point fundamental for assembling an item however the accessible crude materials can be changed into wanted completed items. Birtchnell et al. (2013) note that added substance manu

American History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

American History - Essay Example tilize the division and disdain that existed at the time inside the lobbies of intensity in Europe to propel the early position that the United States engendered.1 As a for example, Washington and others effectively pursued France and tried to curry favor inside the corridors of French force as a methods for making sure about both money related and military help during and after the American Revolution.2â So incredible was the degree of adoration showed for the French during this time residents of the recently shaped United States looked to separate from themselves completely of almost every trait and feature that associated them to England.â Again, in spite of the fact that Nicole makes an important point with respect to the degree that Washington tried to remove the United States from European quarrels that so frequently declined into remote wars, he was not contradicted to kneading the opposite side of the issue and trying to work shared aversion, doubt, and disdain for England towards his, and the nation’s,

College Pretzel Company

Residential Terrorism - Essay Example For example, the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) announced that starting at 2010, there were in excess of 1000 abhor bunches in America (Bjelopera, 2013). Moreover, political polarization in the US has been extreme lately, and there has been a broad doubt in the legislature. These are a portion of the variables further adding to the development of household psychological militants in the US. Albeit residential fear mongering is a risk, universal psychological oppression is progressively perilous to the general American open. This is on the grounds that the greater part of the household psychological militants use peaceful methodologies that don't straightforwardly make hurt the American open. For example, basic entitlements radicals use what they call ‘direct action’ which chiefly includes fights and other obstruction exercises. What's more, peaceful crimes including misrepresentation and digital fear based oppression are additionally utilized by local psychological oppressors, and these don't really make direct mischief the general population (Bjelopera, 2013). Be that as it may, for universal fear based oppressors, their fundamental point is generally to execute and cause most extreme harm. For instance, the 911 assault left in excess of 3000 dead and property worth billions of dollars wrecked. No household psychological oppressor movement can ever draw ne ar to

Stinging Nettle - Free Essay Example

[pic] Stinging nettle In the hunt for new, ecologically friendly fabrics stinging nettle fiber has come up smelling of roses. Clothing made from the nettle is not a new idea; for the past 2,000 years people have worn fabrics made from these stinging plants. But nettle lose there popularity when cotton arrived at 16th century, because cotton was easier to harvest and spin. Nettles made a brief come back during the First World War, Germany suffered storage of cotton and nettles were used to produce Germany army uniforms. Now, new advance in spinning technologies and cross- breeding to produce super- high- fiber plants means that stinging nettles are set to become the latest fashion. Nettle Nettle is highly successful plant found all over the temperate areas of the world. Nettle is common herbaceous plant which regroups 30 to 45 species. It is the part of the urticaceae family such as ramie (Asian nettle, Boehmeria nivea) and belongs to the genus Urtica. The most prominent member of the genus is the stinging nettle Urtica dioica, native to Europe, North Africa Asia and North America. Existing the problems in the agriculture sector underline need for alterative crops. Stinging nettle is a perennial plant thrives in nitrogenous and Over-fair-sized soil and also has environmentally sound cultivation method as well as resistance to diseases and rests so they do not need dangerous pollutants to protect them. The plant itself is variable growing from 0. 6sto 2 meters plus in height and can be found in variety of habitats and soil types the stem specially of old plant of the big stinging nettle has very long and tough bast fibers. Thousands of year ago nettle thread – also called nettle fiber was produced from this plant. Further more fibers also useful for manufacture of nettle cloth, which is tougher than linen, as wall as finishing nets and rope. The single fiber of the stinging nettle can only reach the maximum of 250 millimeters could be reached. Net tle plants widely exist in china, but up to now there is no research regarding the Chinese nettle fiber properties it’s specially about there spinability. The average length of the nettle fiber is about 34mm, and fineness is ranging from 0. 589 to 0. 769 Tex. Nettle fiber has high breaking strength and low breaking extension and high initial young modulus. Both biochemical method and chemical method can meet the requirement of nettle degumming, with residual being less than 4. Nettle fiber can be utilized as textile material can be spun in rotor spinning machine after well degumming. Nettle fiber invention The first attempt to commercialized the production of nettle fiber was in Germany during 1720s, since there have been frequent effort in several European countries to cultivate the nettle and develop method of extracting the fiber that could be applied on large scale. Most of these results carry in Germany particularly during the 19th century. Unfortunately they do no t seem to have been successful, cost effective method of nettle fiber extraction resulting from all this activity. It was Dr Gastav bredemann who turned the tide with his research from 1927 to 1950. He interbred selected plant of Urtica dioica and produced several high fiber clones that could be cultivated. The criteria for selected plants were that they should be frost resistant, have long straight stems with the minimal branching and of course a high percentage fiber in stem. These verities were given the name ‘Nettle’. Bredemann’s work was quickly forgotten for many years after his book DIE GROBE BRENNESSEL was published in1950. During the 1990s Dr Jens dreyer from the institute of applied Botany in H Hamburg re-identified the individual fiber nettle clones that still survived in the institute and revived and tested Bredemann’s research. The fiber nettle is now being used as a basis for several commercial nettle fiber projects in Europe and advance i n technology are making it possible to process the nettle more successfully and cost effectively. The use of the wild nettle for fiber is still also possible. The Kalajokilaakso nettle fiber project in Finland has demonstrated this by producing a nettle fiber yarn from wild nettle that have been carefully selected and cultivated. Chemical and physical properties Research into the chemical and physical properties of nettle fiber has been taking place for the last five years. All the available information has been gathered together from projects in Finland, England and Germany and where possible a comparison has been made between the wild nettle and cloned fiber nettle. Fiber nettle can be distinguished from wild nettle by their larger quantity of individual fiber cells with the bigger walls. The plants was selected because their lack of branching from the stem they have only a few stinging hairs will lose most of there leaves in august which gives a fewer problem of biomass in the straw. Most work on the characteristics of fiber has been done by the Faserinstitut Bremen. The individual fiber cell are composed of cellulose and held together in their groups by pectin and hemicelluloses. The shape of the cell oval to round polygonal. The oldest and thickest fiber is in outer part of the bark. The length and diameter of long fiber is influenced by the species of nettle, its level of maturity and nutrition, where is found on the plant and the method of extraction. After mechanical separation the average measurement of the length is 4-7cm and 40-50 µm in diameter. Treatment by alkali or enzymes leads to 40% fiber measuring 4-5cm long and 25% measuring 5-6cm long, when the fiber length distribution by mass is calculated. Their fineness is approximately 15-25  µm in diameter. The pure fiber content of the best cultivated nettle plants from Hamburg is about 155 of dry mass; therefore six tones of harvested dry steam would give an average yield of approxi mately 900 kg of fine fiber. The wild nettle is approximately 3-8% of dry mass. Fiber from nettle kwon as nettle wool due to its softness and the nature colour is cream/ white, so it is easy to apply a coloured dye to the fiber or fabric. The degree of polymerization of cellulose in the cell wall is about 2280. Nettle is strong fiber with 50cN/t, measured by the stelometer and this is important in spinning. The fiber is separated with mechanically and then with enzymes to get strengths of 23-35cN/tex in comparison to cotton fiber has strength is 20Cn/tex, but fiber is not flexible which affect spinning process. The elasticity module is much higher than banana and jute. Moisture absorption is about 11%. The fibers contain about 54% pure cellulose 10%arabinane, xylane galacturonane and other hemicelluloses. Nettle fibers contain 4% pectin. This is an important factor has to removed from the fiber to get the good and fine yarn. This removed in method of enzymatic retting. By usi ng pectinases the pectin can be broken down thus freeing the individual fibers. |Parameter |Before retting |After retting | |Fiber strength (N/mm? |740 | | |Fiber strength (cN/tex) |50 |25-35 | |Fineness (dtex) |5 | | |Elasticity modulus (Gpa) |34. | | |Strain (%) |12 | | |Cell wall density (g/cm) |1. 1 | | |Length of fiber (mm) |40-50 | | |Cellulose (%) |54 |88 | |Hemi cellulose (%) |10 |4 | |Pectin (%) |4. 1 |0. 6 | |Lignin (%) |9. 4 |5. 4 | |Wax and fats (%) |4. 2 |3. 1 | |Water soluble products (%) |18 |2. | (Retting is treatment of enzyme to improve its properties) [pic] Nettle fiber possess extra ordinary extraordinary characteristics and properties †¢ It is very tough and is able to absorb greater deal of moisture, swell like cotton and splendor. †¢ The fiber of the stinging nettle have a special characteristic in the fact that they are hollow which means they can accumulate air inside thus creating natural insulation. To create cool fiber in summer the yarn length are twisted closing the hollow core and reducing insulation. In winter with low twist the hollow fiber remains a constant temperature. The average tensile properties of nettle are young modulus equal to 87 Gpa, a tensile strength equal to 1594 Mpa and, a strain at failure is equal to 2. 11% As from table stinging nettle fiber have a higher stiffness but lower strength and strain to failure then glass fibers. |Table 1: mechanical properties of nettle | Fiber |Young’s modulus (Gpa) |Strain to failure (Mpa) |Ultimate stress (%) |Density(g/m? ) |Average diameter (micrometer) | |Stinging nettle |87 |2. 2 |1594 |Na |20. 0 | |Flax |58 |3. 3 |1339 |1. 53 |23. 0 | |Hemp |35 |1. 6 |389 to 900 |1. 07 |31. 2 | |Ramie |20 to128 |1. 2 to 3. 8 |400to 1000 |1. 56 |50. 0 | |Sisal |9 to21 |3 to 7 |350 to 70 |1. 45 |100to300 | |Glass |72 |3. 0 |2200 |2. 54 |5to25 | | What is in the sting? The stinging structure of the nettle is very similar to the hypodermic needle although it predates that man-made invention by million of years! Each sting is actually a hollow hair stiffened by silica with a swollen base that contains the venom. The tip of this hair is very brittle and when brushed against, no matter how lightly, I t breaks off exposing a sharp point that penetrates the skin and deliver its stinging payload. It is used to be a thought that the main constitute of the sting was formic acid – the chemical used by ants, burning sensation that demands to be scratched. Although formic acid is present in the sting, recent research has shown that the main chemical is histamine, acetylcholine and 5-hyroxytryptamine. Processing of the nettle fiber by traditional method Step1:- There are considering being a number of benefits associated with the cultivation of nettles. The nettle is a perennial and can be harvested year after year without replanting. Research has shown that nettle may be propagated by various method ; seed, seedling, cutting, and planting of rhizome pi eces the advantages of growing by seed is that is a economical . The nettle plant is depending upon good water supply. Nettle needs good soil condition with sufficient supply of nitrogen and pH of 6. 5. The seedling can be planted in May with a vegetable plant when they have reached 5-6 week growth. The fiber nettle is propagated by stem cutting. The cutting required 4-8 week. The nettle rhizomes are than protected within the rigid from damage by machine. Step 2:- The shrubs are brought and the men strip them of their bark and dried for 3-4 days Step3:- The dried nettle bark is boiled with ash for 2-3 hours. Step4:- Stone washed near by river is done Step5:- Then the fiber is mixed with limestone and dried for another 2-3 days. Step6;- After this they separate the fiber from limestone and processed into threads with the help of a traditional spinner or through spinning wheel. Step:-7 Cloths are traditionally woven in handlooms. Now days, a By comparison between the flax, hemp, ramie although the nettle stem are irregular in their size and the fiber are prone to break at the point where the stem branches. The new technology of spinning nettle fiber is not research till yet. The traditional view of nettle fiber cloth was that it was soft, hardwearing and warm to skin. The nettle fiber is mixed with other fiber like cotton, silk, viscose and flax up to 80% nettle fiber has been used in the some of blends. The fibers have been processed by retting with enzymes and selected microbes. The retting process is not only separate s the fiber from the plant stem, but also break down many of the fiber groups into single fiber cells or ultimate fibers. The nettle fiber extracted in the finish project were form into yarn first putting them through [pic]

The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798

The Alien and Sedition Acts were four national security bills passed by the 5th U.S. Congress in 1798 and signed into law by President John Adams in the midst of fears that a war with France was imminent. The four laws restricted the rights and actions of U.S. immigrants and limited the First Amendment freedom of speech and freedom of the press rights. The four acts—the Naturalization Act, the Alien Friends Act, the Alien Enemies Act, and the Sedition Act—increased the minimum U.S. residency requirement for the naturalization of aliens from five to fourteen years; empowered the President of the United States to order aliens considered â€Å"dangerous to the peace and safety of the United States† or who came from a hostile county deported or imprisoned; and restricted speech that criticized the government or government officials.   Alien and Sedition Acts Key Takeaways The Alien and Sedition Acts were four bills passed in 1798 by the 5th U.S. Congress and signed into law by President John Adams.The four national security bills were passed amid fears that a war with France could not be avoided.The four acts were: the Naturalization Act, the Alien Friends Act, the Alien Enemies Act, and the Sedition Act.The Alien and Sedition Acts restricted the rights and actions of immigrants and limited the freedoms of speech and of the press contained in the Constitution’s First Amendment.The Sedition Act, limiting the freedoms of speech and of the press, was by far the most controversial of the four laws.The Alien and Sedition Acts were also a part of a power struggle between America’s first two political parties; the Federalist Party and the Democratic-Republican Party. While presented on the premise of preparing for war, the laws were also part of a larger power struggle between the nation’s first two political parties—the Federalist Party and the Anti-federalist, Democratic-Republican Party. The negative public opinion of the Federalist-backed Alien and Sedition Acts proved a major factor in the controversial 1800 presidential election, in which Democratic-Republican Thomas Jefferson defeated incumbent federalist President John Adams. The Political Aspect When John Adams was elected as the second President of the United States in 1796, his Federalist Party, which favored a strong federal government, had started losing its political dominance. Under the Electoral College system at the time, Thomas Jefferson, of the opposing Democratic-Republican Party, had been elected as Adams’ vice president. Democratic-Republicans—especially Jefferson—believed the states should have more power and accused the Federalists of trying to turn the United States into a monarchy.   When the Alien and Sedition Acts came before Congress, the laws’ Federalist backers argued they would strengthen America’s security during the looming war with France. Jefferson’s Democratic-Republicans opposed the laws, calling them an attempt to silence and disenfranchise voters who disagreed with the Federalist Party by violating the right of freedom of speech in the First Amendment. At a time when most immigrants supported Jefferson and the Democratic-Republicans, the Naturalization Act raised the minimum residency requirement to qualify for American citizenship from five to 14 years.The Alien Friends Act empowered the president to deport or jail any immigrant deemed to be â€Å"dangerous to the peace and safety of the United States† at any time.The Alien Enemies Act authorized the president to deport or jail any male immigrant above age 14 from a â€Å"hostile nation† during times of war.Finally, and most controversially, the Sedition Act restricted speech considered critical of the federal government. The law prevented people accused of violating the Sedition Act from using the fact that their critical statements had been true as a defense in court. As a result, several newspaper editors who criticized the Federalist Adams administration were convicted of violating the Sedition Act. The XYZ Affair and the Threat of War Their fight over the Alien and Sedition Acts was just one example of how America’s first two political parties were split over foreign policy. In 1794, Britain was at war with France. When Federalist President George Washington signed the Jay Treaty with Britain it greatly improved Anglo-American relations but enraged France, America’s Revolutionary War ally.   Shortly after taking office in 1797, President John Adams tried to smooth things over with France by sending diplomats Elbridge Gerry, Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, and John Marshall to Paris to meet face-to-face with French foreign minister, Charles Talleyrand. Instead, Talleyrand sent three of his representatives—referred to as X, Y, and Z by President Adams—who demanded a $250,000 bribe and a $10 million loan as conditions of meeting with Talleyrand. After the U.S. diplomats rejected Talleyrand’s demands, and the American people became angered by the so-called XYZ Affair, fears of an outright war with France spread. While it never escalated beyond a series of naval confrontations, the resulting undeclared Quasi-War with France further strengthened the Federalists argument for passage of the Alien and Sedition Acts.   Sedition Act Passage and Prosecutions Not surprisingly, the Sedition Act evoked the most heated debate in the Federalist-controlled Congress. In 1798, as it is today, sedition is defined as the crime of creating a revolt, disturbance, or violence against lawful civil authority—the government— with the intent to cause its overthrow or destruction. Loyal to Vice President Jefferson, the Democratic-Republican minority argued the Sedition Act violated the First Amendment’s protection of freedom of speech and the press. However, President Adams’ Federalist majority prevailed, arguing that under both U.S. and British common law, seditious acts of libel, slander, and defamation had long been punishable offenses and that freedom of speech should not protect seditious false statements. President Adams signed the Sedition Act into law on July 14, 1798, and by October, Timothy Lyon, a Democratic-Republican congressman from Vermont, had become the first person convicted of violating the new law. During his current reelection campaign, Lyon had published letters criticizing Federalist Party policies in Republican-leaning newspapers. A grand jury indicted him on charges sedition for publishing material with â€Å"intent and design† to defame the U.S. government in general and President Adams personally. Acting as his own defense attorney, Lyon argued that he had no intent to harm the government or Adams by publishing the letters and that Sedition Act was unconstitutional. Despite being supported by popular opinion, Lyon was convicted and sentenced to four months in jail and fined $1,000, a sizable amount at a time when members of the House received no salary and were paid only a $1.00 per diem. While still in prison, Lyon easily won reelection and later overcame a Federalist motion to expel him from the House. Perhaps of more historic interest was the Sedition Act conviction of political pamphleteer and journalist James Callender. In 1800, Callender, originally a backer of Republican Thomas Jefferson, was sentenced to nine months in jail for what a grand jury called his â€Å"false, scandalous, and malicious writing, against the said President of the United States,† then Federalist John Adams. From jail, Callender continued to write widely-published articles supporting Jefferson’s 1800 campaign for president. After Jefferson won the controversial 1800 presidential election, Callender demanded that he be appointed to a postmaster position in return for his â€Å"services.† When Jefferson refused, Callender turned on him, taking his revenge by publishing the first evidence supporting the long-rumored claim that Jefferson had fathered children by his slave Sally Hemings. Including Lyon and Callender, at least 26 people—all opposing the Adams administration—were prosecuted for violating the Sedition Act between 1789 and 1801. The Legacy of the Alien and Sedition Acts Prosecutions under the Sedition Act spurred protests and widespread debate over the meaning of freedom of the press in the context of political speech. Credited as being the deciding factor in Jefferson’s election in 1800, the law represented the worst mistake of John Adams’ presidency. By 1802, all of the Alien and Sedition Acts except the Alien Enemies Act had been allowed to expire or had been repealed. The Alien Enemies Act remains in effect today, having been amended in 1918 to allow the deportation or imprisonment of women. The law was used during World War II to order the confinement of more than 120,000 Americans of Japanese descent in internment camps until the end of the war. While the Sedition Act violated key provisions of the First Amendment, the current practice of â€Å"Judicial Review,† empowering the Supreme Court to consider the constitutionality of laws and executive branch actions had not yet been perfected. Sources and Further Reading â€Å"The Alien and Sedition Acts: Defining American Freedom.† Constitutional Rights Foundationâ€Å"Alien and Sedition Acts.† The Avalon Project at Yale Law School  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Our Documents: Alien and Sedition Acts.† National Archives and Records Administrationâ€Å"The thin-skinned president who made it illegal to criticize his office.† The Washington Post (September 8, 2018)Ragsdale, Bruce A. â€Å"The Sedition Act Trials.† Federal Judicial Center (2005)

Super Bowl 2011 Commercial Pepsi Max Love Hurts - 906 Words

In the â€Å"Girls Shopping State Farm TV Commercial† the scene is set with two women and a retail store shopping when they both see a purse. The first woman is able to buy the purse because she saved money by purchasing State Farm insurance. The other woman cannot buy the purse because her insurance company is expensive. The consumerism message is by buying inexpensive State Farm insurance a consumer is able to afford their expensive wants. In the† Super Bowl 2011 Commercial Pepsi MAX: Love Hurts† A wife continuously intervenes when she catches her husband eating junk food using different methods but smiles when she witnesses her husband drinking the zero calorie Pepsi Max soft drink. The consumerism message simply states it is healthier to drink Pepsi Max soft drink than to eat junk food. Both commercials are intended to be funny but there are implicit stereotypical racial themes. For instance, in the State Farm TV Commercial the woman who wins the purse is a White American woman the woman who loses out is an Asian-American woman which stereotypically directs that white women make smarter decisions. Once the White American woman â€Å"summons† her agent by singing the State Farm jingle an African American man name Anthony appears to service her. Service jobs are stereotypically regarded as a type of unskilled labor occupation held by black people. When the Asian-American woman summons her insurance singing a similar tune a an old white fisherman shows up dangling a dollar on theShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesCover Printer: Courier/Kendalville Text Font: 10.5/12 ITC New Baskerville Std Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2013, 2011, 2009, 2007, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior toRead MoreInnovators Dna84615 Words   |  339 PagesMASTERING THE FIVE SKILLS OF DISRUPTIVE INNOVATORS Jeff Dyer Hal Gregersen Clayton M. Christensen H A R VA R D B U S I N E S S R E V I E W P R E S S BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 100092 00 i-vi r1 rr.qxp 5/13/11 6:52 PM Page iv Copyright 2011 Jeff Dyer, Hal Gregersen, and Clayton M. Christensen All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmittedRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesthe future in the wake of a global shock. Amazon (A) – long term planning of a successful dot.com. Jordan – the challenge of building capabilities for success in Formula 1. Shefï ¬ eld Theatres – strategy formulation for a wide audience of public and commercial stakeholders. Fisons – disastrous consequences of stakeholder management. Iona – Mission-driven strategy and stakeholder management. HomeCo – wrestling with governance and strategy in the boardroom; a role play. BMW – driving organic growth throughRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesUniversity Clifford F. Gray Oregon State University PROJECT MANAGEMENT: THE MANAGERIAL PROCESS Published by McGraw-Hill/Irwin, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY, 10020. Copyright  © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies

Does diversity affect ethical decisions free essay sample

Does diversity affect ethical decisions? Maintaining diversity and ethics practices is important to most businesses who want to gain the loyalty of employees and trust of consumers. Diversity is much more than one of several ethical issues. Ethics and diversity, in fact, have a multi-dimensional relationship that affects not only what issues we consider, but also the very process of engaging in ethical reflection. Ethical thinking involves the intricate process used to consider the impact of our actions on the individuals or institution we serve. While most decisions are routine, we can unexpectedly face an ethical dilemma when unusual situations occur suddenly for which an immediate response is needed. The foundation of ethical decision-making involves choice and balance, it is a guide to discard bad choices in favor of good ones. No matter the size of a company, unethical behavior can cripple the companys ability to attract customers, be approved for credit or maintain business partnerships. Different organizations and jobs may have different ethical issues arise and require a set standard of ethics. Diversity in the workplace strives to make people of all socio-economic backgrounds feel comfortable working within the organization. It further promotes equal opportunities among all employees or prospective employees to be hired and promoted based on merit not race, gender or creed. Valuing diversity means valuing everyone’s differences, even one’s own. It means preventing anyone from being shut down by others, by patterns of communication and interaction, or by mindlessness. It also means that whoever in the group or team knows what needs to be said has the support to say it. Ethics, too, depends on the speaker who can say what needs to be said. The tremendous amount of social issues surrounding diversity has a major effect on the roots of ethical decisions made by management staffs across the globe. The leaders in all our businesses must focus on following standard practices that represent the ideas of our judicial system. But is staying within the laws governing inclusion enough to meet the needs of making ethical decisions that support diversity? In order to be successful in the marketplace, businesses must develop new perspectives from many different  backgrounds and lifestyles. That being said, diversity certainly is one of the driving forces in how a company operates from a production and an ethical perspective. A diverse work environment helps produce a wide range of ideas and experiences within an organization. However, many workplaces have been slow to embrace diversity and maximize its benefits. Basic ethics indicate that a company should offer diversity training and that its leadership should support a diverse environment. Placing people from various backgrounds together and not helping them learn how to work together leads to unnecessary tension and productivity loss. Ethical diversity includes fairness in evaluations and promotions, effective training and fair pay. These decisions are also based on ethics, general morality, and on the individuals understanding of diversity. The tremendous amount of social issues surrounding diversity has a major effect on the roots of ethical decisions made by management staffs across the globe. The leaders in all our businesses must focus on following standard practices that represent the ideas of our judicial system. But is staying within the laws governing inclusion enough to meet the needs of making ethical decisions that support diversity? In order to be successful in the marketplace, businesses must develop new perspectives from many different backgrounds and lifestyles. That being said, diversity certainly is one of the driving forces in how a company operates from a production and an ethical perspective. Many companies see the benefits in having cultural diversity in their workplace. They see it as an opportunity to explore new markets and revenue streams. International Airlines have long been the epitome of a culturally diverse workplace enabling them to serve new routes to more countries. Some of the biggest corporations in the America are pillars of cultural diversity, such as: General Motors, IBM, Verizon, UPS, McDonald’s, Procter Gamble, Citi Group, Coca Cola and PepsiCo. Companies aiming to attain a global market presence benefit from cultural diversity not just in numbers but more from the various ways of innovation. Entering overseas markets, for instance, can be made less problematic with managers who know the market inside and out, not just the idioms. They also understand the values, lifestyles and buying decisions that can define the right marketing strategies for foreign customers. As many companies have learned developing a culturally diverse workforce that reflects the rich diversity of its markets; provides a better opportunity to grow the business. However, a diverse workplace does present some challenges. Cultural diversity presents some social problems unique to a diverse workplace. It opens up ethnic tensions, conflicts, misunderstandings and some rivalries have turned violent in the worst cases. Construction workers employed by multinational companies with projects overseas have been known to break into confrontations because of the employees disagreeing with management styles. If left unmanaged, language diversity creates communication barriers between local or contractual overseas workers as well as between ethnic groups. There is often a feeling of being left out from decision-making processes. It is not uncommon for cultural diversity to turn into segregated groups where workers sharing the same ethnicity congregate among themselves and not blend with the other employees in the workplace. Cultural diversity needs to be supported by leadership and the management team. Managers who are unprepared to deal with the social problems presented by an ethnically diverse workplace can further aggravate the situation. They can easily be perceived as callous, insensitive, and showing favoritism which only serves to foster low morale and little group participation affecting the overall productivity. A widely disseminated commitment to cultural diversity in terms of policies and organizational support, public pronouncements, internal memos and day-to-day actions can encourage management to embrace cultural diversity as integral to the corporate culture. We also know from social phenomena such as groupthink that more homogeneous groups experience more conformity than diverse groups people in a homogeneous group are more likely to try getting along and going along as a way to remain part of the group and are less likely to counter questionable behavior. Its not hard to imagine then that companies that are too homogeneous can create environments where people are more concerned about conforming rather than solving problems, which then leads them to be more susceptible to unethical behaviors. And it is here that diversity can provide the necessary checks and balances for actions and behavior that would otherwise be left unchecked. Overall, diversity contributes to the perception of ethicality. A diverse workforce brings more skills, abilities and perspectives to a business, allowing companies to come up with more creative solutions to problems and better allocate workers to jobs which are suited for their individual skills and backgrounds. For organizations, having a balanced workforce is central to instill confidence in consumers that this is an ethical organization worthy of their trust. Diversity in the workplace can also increase understanding between employees, boost the companys image and reduce lawsuits, according to University of Florida research on diversity. An effective program optimizing a culturally diverse workplace can improve job performance and work-life satisfaction among both local and foreign employees. Diversity training programs include inviting employees to speak about their different backgrounds or hiring a professional diversity speaker to come and lead a seminar on the topic. Companies can also institute a no tolerance policy for harassment and teasing based on diversity issues. Ensuring a cohesive and unified workforce that works like a sports team should be the goal of the company.